The Interconnectedness of Human and Planetary Health

Exclusive interview with Jessica LECLAIR

Clinical Assistant Professor & Postdoctoral Trainee, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing

Planetary Health is “a solutions-oriented, transdisciplinary field and social movement focused on analysing and addressing the impacts of human disruptions to Earth’s natural systems on human health and all life on Earth”, according to the São Paulo Declaration on Planetary Health. Not an optional road to take, especially for healthcare professionals who are ethically obliged to integrate climate change into their work, as they are dedicated to protecting and preserving life.

Jessica LeClair is paving the way forward as a Clinical Assistant Professor and Postdoctoral Trainee at the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Nursing. She has co-chaired the Wisconsin Public Health Association’s Climate and Health Section, the Global Nurses Climate Change Committee with the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, and UW-Madison’s Planetary Health and Justice Initiative.

In this exclusive interview for Community Index Magazine, Jessica shares her long-term goal: building a research program that identifies and facilitates effective public health practices that advance planetary health.

1.Human and planetary health are inextricably connected, as climate change is becoming a public health issue. How does your work reflect this connection between climate change and global health? How do you promote environmental justice and health equity?

My long-term goal is to improve the health status of populations most burdened by the triple planetary crisis: climate change, pollution, and extinction. Beyond compromising all human health, these threats have disparate and inequitable health impacts on marginalised communities worldwide. These global threats present a local public health crisis. Racialised and low-income communities are often on the “frontlines” of climate disasters and along “fencelines” to industrial pollution. Limited evidence supports strategies to mitigate poor health outcomes among these frontline and fenceline communities.

I promote justice and health equity by educating the future nursing workforce and launching a research program to build new knowledge on these topics. As a scientist and educator, I work with people with lived expertise in planetary health and justice and how nurses can strategise to promote health equity through authentic community partnerships.

2.Why are nurses and medical professionals an essential element in dealing with climate change? What are the most impactful things they can do to protect people’s health in the face of climate change?

Nurses and other health professionals across many roles practice in communities that experience health inequities and partner with community-based organizations to improve various public health outcomes. Therefore, they hold untapped potential to address the health impacts of the triple planetary crisis. Assessing and understanding the disparate and inequitable population health impacts is essential for nurses to strategize public health interventions, create socially just policies, and strengthen resilience in partnership with communities.

Nurses who want to advance justice for planetary health must understand the inequitable public health impacts of the planetary crisis in Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities, the history of the Environmental Justice Movement in response to these impacts, the complexity of solutions, and the ethical ways in which nurses can engage in the movement. Understanding communities’ perspectives on the frontlines of climate injustices and the fencelines of toxic industries can inform nurses’ actions to advance justice for public and planetary health.

3.We are going through a “great transition”, one that will require rapid and deep structural changes across most dimensions of human activity. What is the biggest challenge for the healthcare space in the years to come?

Challenges fall within the domains of adaptation and mitigation. The planetary crisis operates on a global scale and manifests in local health issues, thereby posing significant challenges for public health practitioners who are responsible for addressing health issues within local jurisdictions. The crisis exacerbates local health conditions and introduces new threats, so public health practitioners must be prepared to support community resilience and promote health equity.

While the challenge to adapt and thrive within the planetary crisis is great, the solutions to mitigate the planetary crisis must also be critically assessed. For example, nurses and other healthcare professionals who advocate for climate justice must understand how resource extraction has always hinged on the displacement of Indigenous Peoples and the destruction of critical ecosystems. Any climate “solutions” that perpetuate racist, capitalist systems of extraction and oppression are not sustainable, nor will they restore public and planetary health. Environmental justice scholars and activists stress that decarbonization does not mean displacement and death. Decarbonization must mean decolonization: a fight for sovereignty, autonomy, and dignity for all Indigenous peoples, forging new relationships that break the colonial paradigm.

4.What advice would you give to healthcare professionals who want to start aligning their work with sustainable development?

Ultimately, technological and market-based solutions created under colonial, racist paradigms will not restore public and planetary health because they do not address the root causes of the triple planetary crisis. Our social, political, and economic systems of extraction must be transformed into regenerative systems that liberate all life and foster collective resilience.

Environmental justice scholars and advocates point to the frontline and fenceline communities as the places to focus the work of social restructuring and sustainable development through community partnerships. Frontline and fenceline communities have experiential knowledge about effective planetary health strategies, yet they are often excluded from action planning and are structurally allocated fewer resources for adapting and thriving. Understanding the perspectives and experiences of frontline and fenceline communities and their inequitable health impacts is essential for healthcare professionals as they partner to strategize health interventions, create and assure socially just policies, and strengthen community resilience.